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Transcription of the genes for a fructan hydrolase ( fruA ) and a fructose/mannose sugar:phosphotransferase permease ( levDEFG ) in  Streptococcus mutans  is activated by a four-component regulatory system consisting of a histidine kinase (LevS), a response regulator (LevR) and two carbohydrate-binding proteins (LevQT). The expression of the  fruA  and  levD  operons was at baseline in a  levQ  mutant and substantially decreased in a  levT  null mutant, with lower expression with the cognate inducers fructose or mannose, but slightly higher expression in glucose or galactose. A strain expressing  levQ  with two point mutations (E170A/F292S) did not require inducers to activate gene expression and displayed altered  levD  expression when growing on various carbohydrates, including cellobiose. Linker-scanning (LS) mutagenesis was used to generate three libraries of mutants of  levQ, levS  and  levT  that displayed various levels of altered substrate specificity and of  fruA/levD  gene expression. The data support that LevQ and LevT are intimately involved in the sensing of carbohydrate signals, and that LevQ appears to be required for the integrity of the signal transduction complex, apparently by interacting with the sensor kinase LevS.

Genetic Analysis of the Functions and Interactions of Components of the LevQRST Signal Transduction Complex of Streptococcus mutans