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Background  To determine if there is an association between physical activity assessed by the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness.    Methodology/Principal Findings  One hundred and eighty-two young males (age range: 20–55 years) completed the short form of the IPAQ to assess physical activity. Body composition (dual-energy X-Ray absorptiometry), muscular fitness (static and dynamic muscle force and power, vertical jump height, running speed [30 m sprint], anaerobic capacity [300 m running test]) and cardiorespiratory fitness (estimated VO 2 max: 20 m shuttle run test) were also determined in all subjects.  Activity-related energy expenditure of moderate and vigorous intensity (EEPA moderate  and EEPA vigorous , respectively) was inversely associated with indices of adiposity (r = −0.21 to −0.37, P<0.05). Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO 2 max) was positively associated with LogEEPA moderate  (r = 0.26, P<0.05) and LogEEPA vigorous  (r = 0.27). However, no association between VO 2 max with LogEEPA moderate , LogEPPA vigorous  and LogEEPA total  was observed after adjusting for the percentage of body fat. Multiple stepwise regression analysis to predict VO 2 max from LogEEPA walking , LogEEPA moderate , LogEEPA vigorous , LogEEPA total , age and percentage of body fat (%fat) showed that the %fat alone explained 62% of the variance in VO 2 max and that the age added another 10%, while the other variables did not add predictive value to the model [VO 2 max  = 129.6−(25.1× Log %fat) − (34.0× Log age); SEE: 4.3 ml.kg −1 . min −1 ; R 2  = 0.72 (P<0.05)]. No positive association between muscular fitness-related variables and physical activity was observed, even after adjusting for body fat or body fat and age.    Conclusions/Significance  Adiposity and age are the strongest predictors of VO 2 max in healthy men. The energy expended in moderate and vigorous physical activities is inversely associated with adiposity. Muscular fitness does not appear to be associated with physical activity as assessed by the IPAQ.

Adiposity and Age Explain Most of the Association between Physical Activity and Fitness in Physically Active Men