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Background  The SWR1 complex is important for the deposition of histone variant H2A.Z into chromatin necessary to robustly regulate gene expression during growth and development. In  Arabidopsis thaliana , the catalytic subunit of the SWR1-like complex, encoded by  PIE1  ( PHOTOPERIOD-INDEPENDENT EARLY FLOWERING1 ), has been shown to function in multiple developmental processes including flowering time pathways and petal number regulation. However, the function of the  PIE1  orthologs in monocots remains unknown.    Methodology/Findings  We report the identification of the rice ( Oryza sativa ) ortholog,  OsPIE1 . Although  OsPIE1  does not exhibit a conserved exon/intron structure as Arabidopsis  PIE1 , its encoded protein is highly similar to PIE1, sharing 53.9% amino acid sequence identity.  OsPIE1  also has a very similar expression pattern as  PIE1 . Furthermore, transgenic expression of  OsPIE1  completely rescued both early flowering and extra petal number phenotypes of the Arabidopsis  pie1-2  mutant. However, homozygous T-DNA insertional mutants of  OsPIE1  in rice were embryonically lethal, in contrast to the viable mutants in the orthologous genes for yeast,  Drosophila  and Arabidopsis ( Swr1 ,  DOMINO  and  PIE1 , respectively).    Conclusions/Significance  Taken together, our results suggest that OsPIE1 is the rice ortholog of Arabidopsis PIE1 and plays an essential role in rice embryo development.

OsPIE1, the Rice Ortholog of Arabidopsis PHOTOPERIOD-INDEPENDENT EARLY FLOWERING1, Is Essential for Embryo Development