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Background  Natural selection can shape specific cognitive abilities and the extent to which a given species relies on various cues when learning associations between stimuli and rewards. Because the flower bat  Glossophaga soricina  feeds primarily on nectar, and the locations of nectar-producing flowers remain constant,  G. soricina  might be predisposed to learn to associate food with locations. Indeed,  G. soricina  has been observed to rely far more heavily on spatial cues than on shape cues when relocating food, and to learn poorly when shape alone provides a reliable cue to the presence of food.    Methodology/Principal Findings  Here we determined whether  G. soricina  would learn to use scent cues as indicators of the presence of food when such cues were also available. Nectar-producing plants fed upon by  G. soricina  often produce distinct, intense odors. We therefore expected  G. soricina  to relocate food sources using scent cues, particularly the flower-produced compound, dimethyl disulfide, which is attractive even to  G. soricina  with no previous experience of it. We also compared the learning of associations between cues and food sources by  G. soricina  with that of a related fruit-eating bat,  Carollia perspicillata . We found that (1)  G. soricina  did not learn to associate scent cues, including dimethyl disulfide, with feeding sites when the previously rewarded spatial cues were also available, and (2) both the fruit-eating  C. perspicillata  and the flower-feeding  G. soricina  were significantly more reliant on spatial cues than associated sensory cues for relocating food.    Conclusions/Significance  These findings, taken together with past results, provide evidence of a powerful, experience-independent predilection of both species to rely on spatial cues when attempting to relocate food.

Flower Bats (Glossophaga soricina) and Fruit Bats (Carollia perspicillata) Rely on Spatial Cues over Shapes and Scents When Relocating Food