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Background  Anti-ganglioside antibodies with a pathogenic potential are present in  C. jejuni -associated Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) patients and are probably induced by molecular mimicry. Immunization studies in rabbits and mice have demonstrated that these anti-ganglioside antibodies can be induced using purified lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS) from  C. jejuni  in a strong adjuvant.    Methodology/Principal Findings  To investigate whether natural colonization of chickens with a ganglioside-mimicking  C. jejuni  strain induces an anti-ganglioside response, and to investigate the diversity in anti-ganglioside response between and within genetically different chicken lines, we orally challenged chickens with different  C. jejuni  strains. Oral challenge of chickens with a  C. jejuni  strain from a GBS patient, containing a LOS that mimics ganglioside GM1, induced specific IgM and IgG anti-LOS and anti-GM1 antibodies. Inoculation of chickens with the Penner HS:3 serostrain, without a GM1-like structure, induced anti-LOS but no anti-ganglioside antibodies. We observed different patterns of anti-LOS/ganglioside response between and within the five strains of chickens.    Conclusions  Natural infection of chickens with C. jejuni induces anti-ganglioside antibodies. The production of antibodies is governed by both microbial and host factors.

Host Factors Determine Anti-GM1 Response Following Oral Challenge of Chickens with Guillain-Barré Syndrome Derived Campylobacter jejuni Strain GB11