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Background  The only available diagnostic method for East African trypanosomiasis is light microscopy of blood samples. A simple immunodiagnostic would greatly aid trypanosomiasis control.    Methodology and Principal Findings  To find trypanosome proteins that are specifically recognised by sera from human sleeping sickness patients, we have screened the  Trypanosoma brucei brucei  proteome by Western blotting. Using cytosolic, cytoskeletal and glycosomal fractions, we found that the vast majority of abundant trypanosome proteins is not specifically recognised by patient sera. We identified phosphoglycerate kinase (PGKC), heat shock protein (HSP70), and histones H2B and H3 as possible candidate diagnostic antigens. These proteins, plus paraflagellar rod protein 1, rhodesain (a cysteine protease), and an extracellular fragment of the  Trypanosoma brucei  nucleoside transporter  TbNT 10, were expressed in  E. coli  and tested for reactivity with patient and control sera. Only  Tb HSP70 was preferentially recognized by patient sera, but the sensitivity and specificity were insufficient for use of  Tb HSP70 alone as a diagnostic. Immunoprecipitation using a native protein extract revealed no specifically reacting proteins.    Conclusions  No abundant  T. brucei  soluble, glycosomal or cytoskeletal protein is likely to be useful in diagnosis. To find useful diagnostic antigens it will therefore be necessary to use more sophisticated proteomic methods, or to test a very large panel of candidate proteins.

A Search for Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense Diagnostic Antigens by Proteomic Screening and Targeted Cloning