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Haematophagous insects are frequently carriers of parasitic diseases, including malaria. The mosquito  Anopheles gambiae  is the major vector of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa and is thus responsible for thousands of deaths daily. Although the role of olfaction in  A. gambiae  host detection has been demonstrated, little is known about the combinations of ligands and odorant binding proteins (OBPs) that can produce specific odor-related responses  in vivo . We identified a ligand, indole, for an  A. gambiae  odorant binding protein, AgamOBP1, modeled the interaction  in silico  and confirmed the interaction using biochemical assays. RNAi-mediated gene silencing coupled with electrophysiological analyses confirmed that AgamOBP1 binds indole in  A. gambiae  and that the antennal receptor cells do not respond to indole in the absence of AgamOBP1. This case represents the first documented instance of a specific  A. gambiae  OBP–ligand pairing combination, demonstrates the significance of OBPs in odor recognition, and can be expanded to the identification of other ligands for OBPs of  Anopheles  and other medically important insects.

The Anopheles gambiae Odorant Binding Protein 1 (AgamOBP1) Mediates Indole Recognition in the Antennae of Female Mosquitoes