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Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonosis that affects livestock and humans and is caused by closely related  Brucella spp. , which are adapted to intracellular life within cells of a large variety of mammals.  Brucella  can be considered a furtive pathogen that infects professional and non-professional phagocytes. In these cells  Brucella  survives in a replicative niche, which is characterized for having a very low oxygen tension and being deprived from nutrients such as amino acids and vitamins. Among these vitamins, we have focused on riboflavin (vitamin B2). Flavin metabolism has been barely implicated in bacterial virulence. We have recently described that  Brucella  and other Rhizobiales bear an atypical riboflavin metabolic pathway. In the present work we analyze the role of the flavin metabolism on  Brucella  virulence. Mutants on the two lumazine synthases (LS) isoenzymes RibH1 and RibH2 and a double RibH mutant were generated. These mutants and different complemented strains were tested for viability and virulence in cells and in mice. In this fashion we have established that at least one LS must be present for  B. abortus  survival and that RibH2 and not RibH1 is essential for intracellular survival due to its LS activity  in vivo . In summary, we show that riboflavin biosynthesis is essential for  Brucella  survival inside cells or in mice. These results highlight the potential use of flavin biosynthetic pathway enzymes as targets for the chemotherapy of brucellosis.

An Atypical Riboflavin Pathway Is Essential for Brucella abortus Virulence