English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Background  Human promoter polymorphisms in the chemokine co-receptor 5 gene ( CCR5 ) have been noted for association with mother-to-child transmission of HIV (HIV MTCT) as well as reduced receptor expression  in vitro , but have not been clearly associated with  CCR5  expression  in vivo . Placental expression of  CCR5  may be influenced by such polymorphisms as well as other  in vivo  regulatory factors.    Methodology/Principal Findings  We evaluated the associations between infant  CCR5  polymorphisms, measures of maternal infection, and placental expression of  CCR5  among mother-infant pairs in Blantyre, Malawi. RNA was extracted from placental tissue and used in multiplex real-time PCR to quantify gene expression. Through linear regression, we observed that  CCR5 -2554T (β = −0.67, 95% CI = −1.23, −0.11) and -2132T (β = −0.75, 95% CI = −0.131, −0.18) were significantly associated with reduced placental expression of  CCR5 . An incremental increase in  CCR5  expression was observed for incremental increases in expression of two heparan sulfate genes involved in viral infection,  HS3ST3A1  (β = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.18, 0.35) and  HS3ST3B1  (β = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.06, 0.18). Among HIV infected mothers, an incremental increase in maternal HIV viral load was also associated with higher  CCR5  expression (β = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.12, 1.39). Maternal HIV status had no overall effect (β = 0.072, 95% CI = −0.57, −0.72). Higher  CCR5  expression was observed for mothers with malaria but was not statistically significant (β = 0.37, 95% CI = −0.43, 1.18).    Conclusions/Significance  These results provide  in vivo  evidence for genetic and environmental factors involved in the regulation of  CCR5  expression in the placenta. Our findings also suggest that the measurement of placental expression of  CCR5  alone is not an adequate indicator of the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

Regulation of CCR5 Expression in Human Placenta: Insights from a Study of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Malawi