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Background    Agrobacterium tumefaciens  strain GV3101 (pMP90) is widely used in transient gene expression assays, including assays to study pathogen effectors and plant disease resistance mechanisms. However, inoculation of  A. tumefaciens  GV3101 into  Nicotiana tabacum  (tobacco) leaves prior to infiltration with pathogenic and non-host strains of  Pseudomonas syringae  results in suppression of macroscopic symptoms when compared with leaves pre-treated with a buffer control.    Methodology/Findings  To gain further insight into the mechanistic basis of symptom suppression by  A. tumefaciens  we examined the effect of pre-treatment with  A. tumefaciens  on the growth of  P. syringae , the production of the plant signalling molecules salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA), and the presence of callose deposits. Pre-treatment with  A. tumefaciens  reduced ABA levels,  P. syringae  multiplication and  P. syringae -elicited SA and ABA production, but promoted increased callose deposition. However, pre-treatment with  A. tumefaciens  did not suppress necrosis or SA production in leaves inoculated with the elicitor HrpZ.    Conclusions/Significance  Collectively, these results show that inoculation of  N. tabacum  leaves with  A. tumefaciens  alters plant hormone levels and plant defence responses to  P. syringae , and demonstrate that researchers should consider the impact of  A. tumefaciens  on plant signal transduction when using  A. tumefaciens -mediated transient expression assays to investigate ABA-regulated processes or pathogenicity and plant defence mechanisms.

Agroinfiltration Reduces ABA Levels and Suppresses Pseudomonas syringae-Elicited Salicylic Acid Production in Nicotiana tabacum