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Background    Escherichia coli  can experience a multifaceted life, in some cases acting as a commensal while in other cases causing intestinal and/or extraintestinal disease. Several studies suggest enteroaggregative  E. coli  are the predominant cause of  E. coli -mediated diarrhea in the developed world and are second only to  Campylobacter  sp. as a cause of bacterial-mediated diarrhea. Furthermore, enteroaggregative  E. coli  are a predominant cause of persistent diarrhea in the developing world where infection has been associated with malnourishment and growth retardation.    Methods  In this study we determined the complete genomic sequence of  E. coli  042, the prototypical member of the enteroaggregative  E. coli , which has been shown to cause disease in volunteer studies. We performed genomic and phylogenetic comparisons with other  E. coli  strains revealing previously uncharacterised virulence factors including a variety of secreted proteins and a capsular polysaccharide biosynthetic locus. In addition, by using Biolog™ Phenotype Microarrays we have provided a full metabolic profiling of  E. coli  042 and the non-pathogenic lab strain  E. coli  K-12. We have highlighted the genetic basis for many of the metabolic differences between  E. coli  042 and  E. coli  K-12.    Conclusion  This study provides a genetic context for the vast amount of experimental and epidemiological data published thus far and provides a template for future diagnostic and intervention strategies.

Complete Genome Sequence and Comparative Metabolic Profiling of the Prototypical Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Strain 042