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Background  It has been documented that, independently from the specificity of the native antibody (Ab) for a given antigen (Ag), complementarity determining regions (CDR)-related peptides may display differential antimicrobial, antiviral and antitumor activities.    Methodology/Principal Findings  In this study we demonstrate that a synthetic peptide with sequence identical to V H CDR3 of a mouse monoclonal Ab (mAb) specific for difucosyl human blood group A is easily taken up by macrophages with subsequent stimulation of: i) proinflammatory cytokine production; ii) PI3K-Akt pathway and iii) TLR-4 expression. Significantly, V H CDR3 exerts therapeutic effect against systemic candidiasis without possessing direct candidacidal properties.    Conclusions/Significance  These results open a new scenario about the possibility that, beyond the half life of immunoglobulins, Ab fragments may effectively influence the antiinfective cellular immune response in a way reminiscent of regulatory peptides of innate immunity.

Antibody Complementarity-Determining Regions (CDRs): A Bridge between Adaptive and Innate Immunity