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FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) plays a key role as a mobile floral induction signal that initiates the floral transition. Therefore, precise control of  FT  expression is critical for the reproductive success of flowering plants. Coexistence of bivalent histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and H3K4me3 marks at the  FT  locus and the role of H3K27me3 as a strong  FT  repression mechanism in  Arabidopsis  have been reported. However, the role of an active mark, H3K4me3, in  FT  regulation has not been addressed, nor have the components affecting this mark been identified. Mutations in  Arabidopsis thaliana Jumonji4  ( AtJmj4 ) and  EARLY FLOWERING6  ( ELF6 ), two  Arabidopsis  genes encoding Jumonji (Jmj) family proteins, caused  FT -dependent, additive early flowering correlated with increased expression of  FT  mRNA and increased H3K4me3 levels within  FT  chromatin. Purified recombinant AtJmj4 protein possesses specific demethylase activity for mono-, di-, and trimethylated H3K4. Tagged AtJmj4 and ELF6 proteins associate directly with the  FT  transcription initiation region, a region where the H3K4me3 levels were increased most significantly in the mutants. Thus, our study demonstrates the roles of AtJmj4 and ELF6 as H3K4 demethylases directly repressing  FT  chromatin and preventing precocious flowering in  Arabidopsis .

Repression of FLOWERING LOCUS T Chromatin by Functionally Redundant Histone H3 Lysine 4 Demethylases in Arabidopsis