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The nematode  Caenorhabditis elegans  may be killed by certain pathogenic bacteria and thus is a model organism for studying interactions between bacteria and animal hosts. However, growing nematodes on prey bacteria may influence their susceptibility to potential pathogens. A method of axenic nematode culture was developed to isolate and quantify interactions between  C. elegans  and potentially pathogenic strains of the  Burkholderia cepacia  complex. Studying these dynamics in liquid solution rather than on agar surfaces minimized nematode avoidance behavior and resolved more differences among isolates. Most isolates of  B. cenocepacia ,  B. ambifaria  and  B. cepacia  caused 60–80% mortality of nematodes after 7 days, whereas isolates of  B. multivorans  caused less mortality (<25%) and supported nematode reproduction. However, some  B. cenocepacia  isolates recovered from chronic infections were much less virulent (5–28% mortality). As predicted, prior diet altered the outcome of interactions between nematodes and bacteria. When given the choice between  Burkholderia  and  E. coli  as prey on agar, axenically raised nematodes initially preferred most lethal  Burkholderia  isolates to  E. coli  as a food source, but this was not the case for nematodes fed  E. coli , which avoided toxic  Burkholderia . This food preference was associated with the cell-free supernatant and thus secreted compounds likely mediated bacterial-nematode interactions. This model, which isolates interactions between bacteria and nematodes from the effects of prior feeding, demonstrates that bacteria can influence nematode behavior and their susceptibility to pathogens.

Susceptibility of Caenorhabditis elegans to Burkholderia Infection Depends on Prior Diet and Secreted Bacterial Attractants