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Background  MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of multiple target genes. Deregulation of miRNAs is common in human tumorigenesis. The miRNAs,  MIR-15a/16-1 , at chromosome band 13q14 are down-regulated in the majority of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL).    Methodology/Principal Findings  We have measured the expression of  MIR-15a/16-1 , and 92 computationally-predicted  MIR-15a/16-1  target genes in CLL patients and in normal controls. We identified 35 genes that are deregulated in CLL patients, 5 of which appear to be specific targets of the  MIR-15a/16-1  cluster. These targets included  2  genes ( BAZ2A  and  RNF41 ) that were significantly up-regulated (p<0.05) and 3 genes ( RASSF5, MKK3  and  LRIG1 ) that were significantly down-regulated (p<0.05) in CLL patients with down-regulated  MIR-15a/16-1  expression.    Significance  The genes identified here as being subject to  MIR-15a/16-1  regulation could represent direct or indirect targets of these miRNAs. Many of these are good biological candidates for involvement in tumorigenesis and as such, may be important in the aetiology of CLL.

Investigating the Targets of MIR-15a and MIR-16-1 in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)