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Background    Aedes aegypti  and  Aedes albopictus  are potential vectors of chikungunya virus (CHIKV). The recent CHIKV outbreaks were caused by a new variant characterized by a mutation in the E1 glycoprotein gene (E1-226V) which has favored a better transmissibility by  Ae. albopictus . As  Ae. albopictus  tends to replace  Ae. aegypti  in many regions, one question remained: is  Ae. albopictus  as efficient as  Ae. aegypti  to transmit the variant E1-226V of CHIKV?    Methodology and Findings  We infected orally both species with the variant E1-226V and estimated the infection, the viral dissemination, and the transmission rate by real time RT-PCR. Additionally, we used an  in vitro  assay to determine the amount of virus delivered by mosquitoes in their saliva. We found that  Ae. aegypti  as well as  Ae. albopictus  ensured a high replication of the virus which underwent an efficient dissemination as detectable in the salivary glands at day 2 post-infection (pi). Infectious CHIKV particles were delivered by salivary glands from day 2 with a maximum at day 6 pi for  Ae. albopictus  (10 3.3  PFU) and day 7 pi for  Ae. aegypti  (10 2.5  PFU).    Conclusions    Ae. albopictus  is slightly more efficient than  Ae. aegypti  to transmit the variant E1-226V of CHIKV. These results will help to design an efficient vector control to limit transmission as soon as the first human cases are diagnosed.

Chikungunya Virus and Aedes Mosquitoes: Saliva Is Infectious as soon as Two Days after Oral Infection