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Recent studies have demonstrated a role for  Staphylococcus aureus cidA -mediated cell lysis and genomic DNA release in biofilm adherence. The current study extends these findings by examining both temporal and additional genetic factors involved in the control of genomic DNA release and degradation during biofilm maturation. Cell lysis and DNA release were found to be critical for biofilm attachment during the initial stages of development and the released DNA (eDNA) remained an important matrix component during biofilm maturation. This study also revealed that an  lrgAB  mutant exhibits increased biofilm adherence and matrix-associated eDNA consistent with its proposed role as an inhibitor of  cidA -mediated lysis. In flow-cell assays, both  cid  and  lrg  mutations had dramatic effects on biofilm maturation and tower formation. Finally, staphylococcal thermonuclease was shown to be involved in biofilm development as a  nuc  mutant formed a thicker biofilm containing increased levels of matrix-associated eDNA. Together, these findings suggest a model in which the opposing activities of the  cid  and  lrg  gene products control cell lysis and genomic DNA release during biofilm development, while staphylococcal thermonuclease functions to degrade the eDNA, possibly as a means to promote biofilm dispersal.

Modulation of eDNA Release and Degradation Affects Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Maturation