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Background  Globally, about 20% of cultivated land is now affected by salinity. Salt tolerance is a trait of importance to all crops in saline soils. Previous efforts to improve salt tolerance in crop plants have met with only limited success. Bacteria of the genus  Deinococcus  are known for their ability to survive highly stressful conditions, and therefore possess a unique pool of genes conferring extreme resistance. In  Deinococcus radiodurans , the  irrE  gene encodes a global regulator responsible for extreme radioresistance.    Methodology/Principal Findings  Using plate assays, we showed that IrrE protected  E. coli  cells against salt shock and other abiotic stresses such as oxidative, osmotic and thermal shocks. Comparative proteomic analysis revealed that IrrE functions as a switch to regulate different sets of proteins such as stress responsive proteins, protein kinases, glycerol-degrading enzymes, detoxification proteins, and growth-related proteins in  E. coli . We also used quantitative RT-PCR to investigate expression of nine selected stress-responsive genes in transgenic and wild-type  Brassica napus  plants. Transgenic  B. napus  plants expressing the IrrE protein can tolerate 350 mM NaCl, a concentration that inhibits the growth of almost all crop plants.    Conclusions  Expression of IrrE, a global regulator for extreme radiation resistance in  D. radiodurans , confers significantly enhanced salt tolerance in both  E. coli  and  B. napus . We thus propose that the  irrE  gene might be used as a potentially promising transgene to improve abiotic stress tolerances in crop plants.

IrrE, a Global Regulator of Extreme Radiation Resistance in Deinococcus radiodurans, Enhances Salt Tolerance in Escherichia coli and Brassica napus