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Background  The demand for lactic acid has been increasing considerably because of its use as a monomer for the synthesis of polylactic acid (PLA), which is a promising and environment-friendly alternative to plastics derived from petrochemicals. Optically pure  l -lactic acid is essential for polymerization of PLA. The high fermentation cost of  l -lactic acid is another limitation for PLA polymers to compete with conventional plastics.    Methodology/Principal Findings  A  Bacillu s sp. strain 2–6 for production of  l -lactic acid was isolated at 55°C from soil samples. Its thermophilic characteristic made it a good lactic acid producer because optically pure  l -lactic acid could be produced by this strain under open condition without sterilization. In 5-liter batch fermentation of  Bacillus  sp. 2–6, 118.0 g/liter of  l -lactic acid with an optical purity of 99.4% was obtained from 121.3 g/liter of glucose. The yield was 97.3% and the average productivity was 4.37 g/liter/h. The maximum  l -lactic acid concentration of 182.0 g/liter was obtained from 30-liter fed-batch fermentation with an average productivity of 3.03 g/liter/h and product optical purity of 99.4%.    Conclusions/Significance  With the newly isolated  Bacillu s sp. strain 2–6, high concentration of optically pure  l -lactic acid could be produced efficiently in open fermentation without sterilization, which would lead to a new cost-effective method for polymer-grade  l -lactic acid production from renewable resources.

Non-Sterilized Fermentative Production of Polymer-Grade L-Lactic Acid by a Newly Isolated Thermophilic Strain Bacillus sp. 2–6