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Arabidopsis thaliana  has three genes,  Ape1L ,  Ape2 , and  Arp , that show homology to abasic (apurinic/apyrimidinic) endonuclease genes of bacterial, yeast, or animal cells. In bacteria, yeast, and animals, abasic endonucleases function in base excision repair of oxidized and other modified DNA bases. Here we report that plants with knock-out mutations in any one of  Ape1L ,  Ape2 , or  Arp  show no apparent differences from wild type in growth rate, growth habit, and fertility. However, coincident knock-out mutations in  Ape1L  and  Ape2  are lethal and lead to abortion of developing embryos. Mutations of  Arp  are not deleterious, even in combination with one of the other two mutations. The results are consistent with the interpretation that the process of base excision repair, involving at least one intact copy of  Ape1L  or  Ape2 , is required in the process of embryogenesis.

Requirement for Abasic Endonuclease Gene Homologues in Arabidopsis Seed Development