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Background  It is generally recognized that recurrent aggression can be the result of various psychiatric disorders. The aim of our study was to analyze the mRNA levels, in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain, of the genes that may possibly be associated with aggression consistently shown by male mice in special experimental settings.    Methodology/Principal Findings  The genes were  Th ,  Dat1 ,  Snca  and  Bdnf ; the male mice were a group of animals that had each won 20 daily encounters in succession and a group of animals that had the same winning track record followed by a no-fight period for 14 days. Increased  Th ,  Dat1  and  Snca  mRNA levels were in the fresh-from-the-fight group as compared to the controls. Increased  Th  and  Dat1  mRNA levels were in the no-fight winners as compared to the controls. Significant positive correlations were found between the level of aggression and  Th  and  Snca  mRNA levels.    Conclusions  Repeated positive fighting experience enhances the expression of the  Th ,  Dat1  and  Snca  genes, which are associated with brain dopaminergic systems. The expression of the  Th  and  Dat1  genes stays enhanced for a long time.

Molecular Implications of Repeated Aggression: Th, Dat1, Snca and Bdnf Gene Expression in the VTA of Victorious Male Mice