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Background  SERPINA3K, an extracellular serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin), has been shown to have decreased levels in the retinas of diabetic rats, which may contribute to diabetic retinopathy. The function of SERPINA3K in the retina has not been investigated.    Methodology/Principal Findings  The present study identified a novel function of SERPINA3K, i.e. it protects retinal cells against oxidative stress-induced cell death including retinal neuronal cells and Müller cells. Flow-cytometry showed that the protective effect of SERPINA3K on Müller cells is via reducing oxidation-induced necrosis. Measurements of intracellular calcium concentration showed that SERPINA3K prevented the intracellular calcium overload induced by H 2 O 2 . A similar protective effect was observed using a calcium chelator (BAPTA/AM). Further, SERPINA3K inhibited the phosphorylation of phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma1 induced by H 2 O 2 . Likewise, a specific PLC inhibitor showed similar protective effects on Müller cells exposed to H 2 O 2 . Furthermore, the protective effect of SERPINA3K was attenuated by a specific PLC activator (m-3M3FBS). Finally, in a binding assay, SERPINA3K displayed saturable and specific binding on Müller cells.    Conclusion/Significance  These results for the first time demonstrate that SERPINA3K is an endogenous serpin which protects cells from oxidative stress-induced cells death, and its protective effect is via blocking the calcium overload through the PLC pathway. The decreased retinal levels of SERPINA3K may represent a new pathogenic mechanism for the retinal Müller cell dysfunction and neuron loss in diabetes.

SERPINA3K Prevents Oxidative Stress Induced Necrotic Cell Death by Inhibiting Calcium Overload