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Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are evolutionarily conserved in animals and plants, and play critical roles in the regulation of developmental gene expression. Here we show that the  Arabidopsis  Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) subunits CURLY LEAF (CLF), EMBRYONIC FLOWER 2 (EMF2) and FERTILIZATION INDEPENDENT ENDOSPERM (FIE) repress the expression of  FLOWERING LOCUS C  ( FLC ), a central repressor of the floral transition in  Arabidopsis  and  FLC  relatives. In addition, CLF directly interacts with and mediates the deposition of repressive histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) into  FLC  and  FLC  relatives, which suppresses active histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) in these loci. Furthermore, we show that during vegetative development  CLF  and  FIE  strongly repress the expression of  FLOWERING LOCUS T  ( FT ), a key flowering-time integrator, and that CLF also directly interacts with and mediates the deposition of H3K27me3 into  FT  chromatin. Our results suggest that PRC2-like complexes containing CLF, EMF2 and FIE, directly interact with and deposit into  FT ,  FLC  and  FLC  relatives repressive trimethyl H3K27 leading to the suppression of active H3K4me3 in these loci, and thus repress the expression of these flowering genes. Given the central roles of  FLC  and  FT  in flowering-time regulation in  Arabidopsis , these findings suggest that the CLF-containing PRC2-like complexes play a significant role in control of flowering in  Arabidopsis .

Repression of FLOWERING LOCUS C and FLOWERING LOCUS T by the Arabidopsis Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Components