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Background  The  NLRP  (Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, Leucine rich Repeat and Pyrin domain containing) family, also referred to as NALP family, is well known for its roles in apoptosis and inflammation. Several  NLRP s have been indicated as being involved in reproduction as well.    Methodology  We studied, using the unique human gametes and embryo materials, the expression of the  NLRP  family in human gametes and preimplantation embryos at different developmental stages, and compared the expression levels between normal and abnormal embryos using real-time PCR.    Principal Findings  Among 14 members of the  NLRP  family, twelve were detected in human oocytes and preimplantation embryos, whereas seven were detected in spermatozoa. Eight  NLRP s ( NLRP 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, and 14) showed a similar expression pattern: their expression levels were high in oocytes and then decreased progressively in embryos, resulting in a very low level in day 5 embryos. However,  NLRP 2 and  NLRP 7 showed a different expression pattern: their expression decreased from oocytes to the lowest level by day 3, but increased again by day 5. The expression levels of  NLRP 5, 9, and 12 were lower in day 1 abnormal embryos but higher in day3 and day5 arrested embryos, when compared with normal embryos at the same stages.  NLRP 7 was down-regulated in day 1 and day 5 abnormal embryos but over-expressed in day3 arrested embryos.    Conclusions  According to our results, different  NLRPs  possibly work in a stage-dependent manner during human preimplantation development.

Expression Analysis of the NLRP Gene Family Suggests a Role in Human Preimplantation Development