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BACKGROUND: Learning to perform new movements is usually achieved byfollowing visual demonstrations. Haptic guidance by a force feedback device isa recent and original technology which provides additional proprioceptive cuesduring visuo-motor learning tasks. The effects of two types of hapticguidances-control in position (HGP) or in force (HGF)-on visuo-manual tracking("following") of trajectories are still under debate. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPALSFINDINGS: Three training techniques of haptic guidance (HGP, HGF or controlcondition, NHG, without haptic guidance) were evaluated in two experiments.Movements produced by adults were assessed in terms of shapes (dynamic timewarping) and kinematics criteria (number of velocity peaks and mean velocity)before and after the training sessions. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These resultsshow that the addition of haptic information, probably encoded in forcecoordinates, play a crucial role on the visuo-manual tracking of newtrajectories.

Haptic guidance improves the visuo-manual tracking of trajectories