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Background  Human RNA polymerase III (pol III) transcription is regulated by several factors, including the tumor suppressors P53 and Rb, and the proto-oncogene c-Myc. In yeast, which lacks these proteins, a central regulator of pol III transcription, called Maf1, has been described. Maf1 is required for repression of pol III transcription in response to several signal transduction pathways and is broadly conserved in eukaryotes.    Methodology/Principal Findings  We show that human endogenous Maf1 can be co-immunoprecipitated with pol III and associates  in vitro  with two pol III subunits, the largest subunit RPC1 and the α-like subunit RPAC2. Maf1 represses pol III transcription  in vitro  and  in vivo  and is required for maximal pol III repression after exposure to MMS or rapamycin, treatments that both lead to Maf1 dephosphorylation.    Conclusions/Significance  These data suggest that Maf1 is a major regulator of pol III transcription in human cells.

Maf1, a New Player in the Regulation of Human RNA Polymerase III Transcription