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Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is one of the neglected tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. Early diagnosis and treatment prior to disease progression are crucial for the survival of HAT patients. We had previously established a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for HAT diagnosis in which the reagents were dried for field-use purposes. In this study, we used a semi-automated process to produce the test tubes using a bio-inkjet printer to achieve an accurate production. The performance of the inkjet printer-produced dried LAMP test (CZC-LAMP) was found to be stable after storage for up to 180 days at 30 °C. The diagnostic accuracy of CZC-LAMP HAT was evaluated using DNA samples that were extracted from 116  Trypanosoma brucei gambiense  patients and 66  T .  b .  rhodesiense  patients. The sensitivity was 72% for  T .  b .  gambiense  (95%CI: 63%–80%) and 80% for  T .  b .  rhodesiense  (95%CI: 69%–89%). The specificity determined using DNA from 116 endemic control DNA samples was 95% (95%CI: 89%–98%). The performance of the CZC-LAMP HAT and CZC-LAMP rHAT were also evaluated using 14 crude blood lysate samples obtained from  T .  b .  rhodesiense  patients and endemic control samples collected from Rumphi District in Malawi. The sensitivity and specificity were both 100% (95%CI: 77%–100%). As the developed CZC-LAMP test does not require a cold chain or a sophisticated laboratory, it holds promise for use as a routine simple molecular tool for point-of-care HAT diagnosis in endemic areas.

Development of a bio-inkjet printed LAMP test kit for detecting human African trypanosomiasis