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Few studies have addressed gene expression of hemostasis-related factors during acute thrombo-hemorrhagic diseases. Bites by the lanced-headed viper  Bothrops jaracaca  induce rapid hemostatic disturbances in victims, leading to systemic bleedings, thrombocytopenia and consumption coagulopathy. Although circulating levels of coagulation factors recover rapidly after administration of specific antivenom therapy, it is unclear if  B .  jararaca  venom (BjV) upregulates the mRNA synthesis of hepatic hemostasis-related factors, or if the recovery occurs under basal conditions after the neutralization of venom components by antivenom. Thus, we aimed to investigate if BjV regulates gene expression of important hemostasis-related factors synthetized by the liver. On that account, Swiss mice were injected with saline or BjV (1.6 mg/kg b.w, s.c.), and after 3, 6 and 24 h blood samples and liver fragments were collected to analyze mRNA expression by real-time qPCR. Increased gene expression of fibrinogen chains, haptoglobin and STAT3 was observed during envenomation, particularly at 3 and 6 h. At 24h, mRNA levels of  F10  were raised, while those of  Serpinc1 ,  Proc  and  Adamts13  were diminished. Surprisingly,  F3  mRNA levels were steadily decreased at 3 h. Gene expression of  Thpo ,  F7 ,  F5 Tfpi ,  Mug1  was unaltered. mRNA levels of  Vwf ,  P4hb ,  F8 ,  F2 ,  Plg , and  Serpinf2  were minimally altered, but showed important associations with  Nfkb1  gene expression. In conclusion, snakebite envenomation upregulates hepatic mRNA synthesis particularly of fibrinogen chains, and acute-phase markers. This response explains the fast recovery of fibrinogen levels after antivenom administration to patients bitten by  B .  jararaca  snakes.

Liver gene regulation of hemostasis-related factors is altered by experimental snake envenomation in mice