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Dengue is the most important mosquito-borne diseases worldwide but was considered scarce in West-Central Africa. During the last decade, dengue outbreaks have increasingly been reported in urban foci in this region suggesting major epidemiological changes. However, in Central Africa where both vectors,  Aedes aegypti  and  Aedes albopictus  are well established, the role of each species in dengue transmission remains poorly investigated.    Methodology/Principal findings  Field-collected strains of  Ae .  aegypti  and  Ae .  albopictus  from different ecological settings in Central Africa were experimentally challenged with dengue 2 virus (DENV-2). Mosquitoes were analysed at 14- and 21-days post-infection. Analysis provide evidence that both  Ae .  aegypti  and  Ae .  albopictus  in Central Africa were able to transmit dengue virus with  Ae .  aegypti  exhibiting a higher transmission rate. Unexpectedly, two  Ae .  aegypti  populations from Bénoué and Maroua, in northern Cameroon, were not able to transmit DENV-2.    Conclusions/Significance  We conclude that both  Ae .  aegypti  and  Ae .  albopictus  are susceptible to DENV-2 and may intervene as active dengue vectors. These findings highlight the urgent need to plan a vector surveillance program and control methods against dengue vectors in Central Africa in order to prevent future outbreaks.

plos neglected tropical diseases

Risk of dengue in Central Africa: Vector competence studies with Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) populations and dengue 2 virus