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Fever is a regulated increase of the body temperature resulting from both infectious and non-infectious causes. Fever is known to play a role in modulating immune responses to infection, but the potential of febrile temperatures in regulating antigen binding affinity to antibodies has not been explored. Here we investigated this process under  in vitro  conditions using Isothermal titration calorimetry and ELISA. We used selected malarial and dengue antigens against specific monoclonal antibodies, and observed a marked increase in the affinity of these antibody-antigen complexes at 40°C, compared to physiological (37°C) or pathophysiological temperatures (42°C). Induced thermal equilibration of the protein partners at these temperatures  in vitro , prior to measurements, further increased their binding affinity. These results suggest another positive and adaptive role for fever  in vivo , and highlight the favourable role of thermal priming in enhancing protein-protein affinity for samples with limited availability.

Febrile temperatures increase in vitro antibody affinity for malarial and dengue antigens