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Background  Clonorchiasis, caused by the liver fluke  Clonorchis sinensis , remains a serious public health issue in Asia, especially in China, and its relationship with cholangiocarcinoma has highlighted the importance of  C .  sinensis  infection. Proteins containing tandem repeats (TRs) are found in a variety of parasites and, as targets of B-cell responses, are valuable for the serodiagnosis of parasite infections. Here, we identified a novel  C .  sinensis -specific antigen, Cs1, containing TRs, and investigated its diagnostic value, other immunological properties, and tissue distribution.    Methodology/Principal findings  A partial Cs1 cDNA sequence was cloned by screening an adult  C .  sinensis  cDNA expression library. The full-length Cs1 cDNA was obtained by 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The deduced Cs1 protein consists of a signal peptide and five TRs of 21 amino acids. The recombinant Cs1 (rCs1) was constructed and purified. rCs1 showed higher sensitivity (94.3%) and specificity (94.4%) than the  C .  sinensis  excretory–secretory products (ESPs) according to ELISA of 114 serum samples. Native Cs1 was identified in  C .  sinensis  ESPs and crude antigens of adult  C .  sinensis  by western blotting using an anti-rCs1 monoclonal antibody. ELISA of recombinant peptides of different Cs1 regions demonstrated that the TR region was immunodominant in Cs1. Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy revealed that Cs1 is located in a granule-like structure surrounding the acetabulum of  C .  sinensis  adults that has not previously been described.    Conclusions/Significance  We identified a novel  C .  sinensis -specific TR protein, Cs1, which is an antigen of high serological significance, compared with  C .  sinensis  ESPs. The deduced features of Cs1 show a unique structure containing TRs and a signal peptide and the TR region is immunodominant in Cs1. This provides a basis for targeted screens of other antigens. The novel structure in which Cs1 is located also deserves further investigation.

Cs1, a Clonorchis sinensis-derived serodiagnostic antigen containing tandem repeats and a signal peptide