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The endosymbiont  Wolbachia  is known to block replication of several important arboviruses, including dengue virus (DENV), in the mosquito vector  Aedes aegypti . So far, the exact mechanism of this viral inhibition is not fully understood. A recent study in  Drosophila melanogaster  has demonstrated an interaction between the  pelo  gene and Drosophila C virus. In this study, we explored the possible involvement of the pelo protein, that is involved in protein translation, in  Wolbachia -mediated antiviral response and mosquito-DENV interaction. We found that pelo is upregulated during DENV replication and its silencing leads to reduced DENV virion production suggesting that it facilities DENV replication. However, in the presence of  Wolbachia , specifically in female mosquitoes, the pelo protein is downregulated and its subcellular localization is altered, which could contribute to reduction in DENV replication in  Ae .  aegypti . In addition, we show that the microRNA aae-miR-2940-5p, whose abundance is highly enriched in  Wolbachia -infected mosquitoes, might mediate regulation of pelo. Our data reveals identification of pelo as a host factor that is positively involved in DENV replication, and its suppression in the presence of  Wolbachia  may contribute to virus blocking exhibited by the endosymbiont.

Suppression of the pelo protein by Wolbachia and its effect on dengue virus in Aedes aegypti