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Most part of Southeast Asia is considered endemic for human-infecting  Taenia  tapeworms;  Taenia solium ,  T .  saginata , and  T .  asiatica . However, until now there was no report of the occurrence of human cases of  T .  asiatica  in Lao PDR. This study, conducted in Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR, microscopically examined a total of 470 fecal samples by Kato Katz method and found 86% of people harboring at least one helminth. Hookworms were detected in 56% of the samples besides  Opisthorchis  like eggs (42%),  Trichuris trichiura  (27%),  Ascaris  spp. (14%), and  Taenia  spp. (4%) eggs. Serology for cysticercosis showed 6.8% positives with results varying from 3% to 14.3% in Ethnic School students and Kalouk Kao village respectively. Species-specific PCR targeting mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 28 tapeworms, recovered from 16 patients, revealed  T .  solium  (n = 2),  T .  saginata  (n = 21), and  T .  asiatica  (n = 5). Two patients were confirmed to be coinfected with  T .  saginata  and  T .  asiatica , indicating the endemicity of the 3 human  Taenia  in Lao PDR. However, nucleotide sequencing of a nuclear DNA gene, DNA polymerase delta ( pold ) revealed that all the tapeworms identified as  T .  asiatica  using mtDNA had  T .  saginata  type allele at  pold  locus, demonstrating that they are not “pure  T .  asiatica ” but the hybrid descendants between the two species, confirming the wide distribution of hybrids of  T .  saginata /  T .  asiatica  in Southeast Asia. The high prevalence of several helminthic NTDs in east Savannakhet area even with conventional control measures indicates the importance to establish wide and multifaceted health programs to sustainably improve the quality of life of the populations living in these communities.

plos neglected tropical diseases

Taenia solium, Taenia saginata, Taenia asiatica, their hybrids and other helminthic infections occurring in a neglected tropical diseases' highly endemic area in Lao PDR