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Background   Wolbachia  has been deployed in several countries to reduce transmission of dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses. During releases,  Wolbachia -infected females are likely to lay their eggs in local available breeding sites, which might already be colonized by local  Aedes  sp. mosquitoes. Therefore, there is an urgent need to estimate the deleterious effects of intra and interspecific larval competition on mosquito life history traits, especially on the duration of larval development time, larval mortality and adult size.    Methodology/principal findings  Three different mosquito populations were used:  Ae .  aegypti  infected with  Wolbachia  ( w MelBr strain), wild  Ae .  aegypti  and wild  Ae .  albopictus . A total of 21 treatments explored intra and interspecific larval competition with varying larval densities, species proportions and food levels. Each treatment had eight replicates with two distinct food levels: 0.25 or 0.50 g of Chitosan and fallen avocado leaves. Overall, overcrowding reduced fitness correlates of the three populations.  Ae .  albopictus  larvae presented lower larval mortality, shorter development time to adult and smaller wing sizes than  Ae .  aegypti . The presence of  Wolbachia  had a slight positive effect on larval biology, since infected individuals had higher survivorship than uninfected  Ae .  aegypti  larvae.    Conclusions/significance  In all treatments,  Ae .  albopictus  outperformed both wild  Ae .  aegypti  and the  Wolbachia -infected group in larval competition, irrespective of larval density and the amount of food resources. The major force that can slow down  Wolbachia  invasion is the population density of wild mosquitoes. Given that  Ae .  aegypti  currently dominates in Rio, in comparison with  Ae .  albopictus  frequency, additional attention must be given to the population density of  Ae .  aegypti  during releases to increase the likelihood of  Wolbachia  invasion.

How does competition among wild type mosquitoes influence the performance of Aedes aegypti and dissemination of Wolbachia pipientis?