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Routine entomological monitoring data are used to quantify the abundance of  Ae .  aegypti . The public health utility of these indicators is based on the assumption that greater mosquito abundance increases the risk of human DENV transmission, and therefore reducing exposure to the vector decreases incidence of infection. Entomological survey data from two longitudinal cohort studies in Iquitos, Peru, linked with 8,153 paired serological samples taken approximately six months apart were analyzed. Indicators of  Ae .  aegypti  density were calculated from cross-sectional and longitudinal entomological data collected over a 12-month period for larval, pupal and adult  Ae .  aegypti . Log binomial models were used to estimate risk ratios (RR) to measure the association between  Ae .  aegypti  abundance and the six-month risk of DENV seroconversion. RRs estimated using cross-sectional entomological data were compared to RRs estimated using longitudinal data. Higher cross-sectional  Ae .  aegypti  densities were not associated with an increased risk of DENV seroconversion. Use of longitudinal entomological data resulted in RRs ranging from 1.01 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.02) to 1.30 (95% CI: 1.17, 1.46) for adult stage density estimates and RRs ranging from 1.21 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.37) to 1.75 (95% CI: 1.23, 2.5) for categorical immature indices.  Ae .  aegypti  densities calculated from longitudinal entomological data were associated with DENV seroconversion, whereas those measured cross-sectionally were not.  Ae .  aegypti  indicators calculated from cross-sectional surveillance, as is common practice, have limited public health utility in detecting areas or populations at high risk of DENV infection.

The relationship between entomological indicators of Aedes aegypti abundance and dengue virus infection