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Background  Dengue virus (DENV) is primarily vectored by the mosquito  Aedes aegypti , and is estimated to cause 390 million human infections annually. A novel method for DENV control involves stable transinfection of  Ae .  aegypti  with the common insect endosymbiont  Wolbachia , which mediates an antiviral effect. However, the mechanism by which  Wolbachia  reduces the susceptibility of  Ae .  aegypti  to DENV is not fully understood. In this study we assessed the potential of resident microbiota, which can play important roles in insect physiology and immune responses, to affect  Wolbachia -mediated DENV blocking.    Methodology/Findings  The microbiome of  Ae .  aegypti  stably infected with  Wolbachia  strain  w Mel was compared to that of  Ae .  aegypti  without  Wolbachia , using 16s rDNA profiling. Our results indicate that although  Wolbachia  affected the relative abundance of several genera, the microbiome of both the  Wolbachia- infected and uninfected mosquitoes was dominated by  Elizabethkingia  and unclassified  Enterobacteriaceae . To assess the potential of the resident microbiota to affect the  Wolbachia- mediated antiviral effect, we used antibiotic treatment before infection with DENV by blood-meal. In spite of a significant shift in the microbiome composition in response to the antibiotics, we detected no effect of antibiotic treatment on DENV infection rates, or on the DENV load of infected mosquitoes.    Conclusions/Significance  Our findings indicate that stable infection with  Wolbachia  strain  w Mel produces few effects on the microbiome of laboratory-reared  Ae .  aegypti . Moreover, our findings suggest that the microbiome can be significantly altered without affecting the fundamental DENV blocking phenotype in these mosquitoes. Since  Ae .  aegypti  are likely to encounter diverse microbiota in the field, this is a particularly important result in the context of using  Wolbachia  as a method for DENV control.

The microbiome composition of Aedes aegypti is not critical for Wolbachia-mediated inhibition of dengue virus