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Pathogen replication and transmission in  Wolbachia  infected insects are currently studied using three  Wolbachia  infection systems: naturally infected  Wolbachia  hosts, hosts transinfected with  Wolbachia  (stably maintained and inherited infections) and hosts transiently infected with  Wolbachia . All three systems have been used to test the effect of  Wolbachia  on mosquito transmitted pathogens such as dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV) and  Plasmodium . From these studies it is becoming increasingly clear that the interaction between a particular pathogen and  Wolbachia  is heavily influenced by the host- Wolbachia  interaction and the model of infection. In particular, there is some evidence that under very specific conditions,  Wolbachia  can enhance pathogen infection in some hosts. In this study, we compared the effect of  Wolbachia  in two infection models (stable transinfected and transiently infected) on the replication, infection- and transmission rates of two flaviviruses, DENV and WNV (Kunjin strain). Our results indicate that  Wolbachia  had similar blocking effects in both stable and transient models of infection, however, the magnitude of the blocking effect was significantly lower in mosquitoes transiently infected with  Wolbachia . More importantly, no evidence was found for any enhancement of either DENV or WNV (Kunjin strain) infection in  Ae .  aegypti  infected with  Wolbachia , supporting a role for  Wolbachia  as an effective and safe means for restricting transmission of these viruses.

Comparison of Stable and Transient Wolbachia Infection Models in Aedes aegypti to Block Dengue and West Nile Viruses