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Development of new drugs and vaccines for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) is unattractive from a market perspective due to the lack of sufficient financial incentives and low return on investment. To address the health burden of NTDs in lowand middle-income countries, research and development (R&D) programs for this group of diseases are increasingly handled by public—private partnerships (PPPs) [1,2]. In the WHO report on Priority Medicines (2013), PPPs for health are defined as “any informal or formal arrangement between one or more public sector entities and one or more private sector entities created in order to achieve a public health objective or to develop a health-related product or service for the public good” [3]. The partners in a PPP share development risks and integrate (financial) resources, technical facilities, and knowledge into a collective action. Depending on their mission and the objectives, PPPs cluster into one of three categories: early stage R&D (precompetitive and proof-of-concept), product development (PD), or product access [4]. PPPs face a number of challenges regardless of their health objective. In short, these challenges include time lines and sustainability; the role of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs); consortium leadership; the role of the central entity; intellectual property; and performance management (discussed in [3]). On top of these, PD-PPPs for control and elimination of NTDs face additional challenges [5], such as cultural and geographical differences, education of health care workers, regulatory affairs, and access to medicines. These factors all have a strong impact on the success and sustainability of a PPP. Based on a systemic review of ten PD-PPPs for NTDs, De Pinho Campos and colleagues propose a model of collaboration that requires capitalization of expertise and early engagement of key stakeholders, including policy leaders. Such a model proved to be beneficial for building up understanding and support during the regulatory process and to ensuring long-term sustainability [6]. Expert meetings provide an excellent vehicle to support and strengthen such a model of collaboration. Designed outside regular project meetings to obtain an expert opinion on how to advance R&D programs, expert meetings are standard practice in the pharmaceutical industry. The Pediatric Praziquantel (PEDPZQ) Consortium, a PD-PPP that aims to develop and provide a suitable PEDPZQ formulation, has systematically organized expert meetings tailored to the specific needs of a particular phase of the R&D process. By sharing experiences from the PEDPZQ Consortium, this symposium highlights the crucial importance of expert meetings in PD programs for NTDs.

Product development programs for neglected tropical diseases: A crucial role for expert meetings