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Background  The single-dose benzimidazoles used against  Trichuris trichiura  infections in humans are not satisfactory. Likewise, the benzimidazole, fenbendazole, has varied efficacy against  Trichuris suis  whereas  Oesophagostomum dentatum  is highly sensitive to the drug. The reasons for low treatment efficacy of  Trichuris  spp. infections are not known.    Methodology  We studied the effect of fenbendazole, albendazole and levamisole on the motility of  T. suis  and  O. dentatum  and measured concentrations of the parent drug compounds and metabolites of the benzimidazoles within worms  in vitro . The motility and concentrations of drug compounds within worms were compared between species and the maximum specific binding capacity (B max ) of  T. suis  and  O. dentatum  towards the benzimidazoles was estimated. Comparisons of drug uptake in living and killed worms were made for both species.    Principal findings  The motility of  T. suis  was generally less decreased than the motility of  O. dentatum  when incubated in benzimidazoles, but was more decreased when incubated in levamisole. The B max  were significantly lower for  T. suis  (106.6, and 612.7 pmol/mg dry worm tissue) than  O. dentatum  (395.2, 958.1 pmol/mg dry worm tissue) when incubated for 72 hours in fenbendazole and albendazole respectively. The total drug concentrations (pmol/mg dry worm tissue) were significantly lower within  T. suis  than  O. dentatum  whether killed or alive when incubated in all tested drugs (except in living worms exposed to fenbendazole). Relatively high proportions of the anthelmintic inactive metabolite fenbendazole sulphone was measured within  T. suis  (6–17.2%) as compared to  O. dentatum  (0.8–0.9%).    Conclusion/Significance  The general lower sensitivity of  T. suis  towards BZs  in vitro  seems to be related to a lower drug uptake. Furthermore, the relatively high occurrence of fenbendazole sulphone suggests a higher detoxifying capacity of  T. suis  as compared to  O. dentatum .

Trichuris suis and Oesophagostomum dentatum Show Different Sensitivity and Accumulation of Fenbendazole, Albendazole and Levamisole In Vitro