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Background  Much effort is being devoted for developing new indicators to evaluate the human exposure to  Aedes  mosquito bites and the risk of arbovirus transmission. Human antibody (Ab) responses to mosquito salivary components could represent a promising tool for evaluating the human-vector contact.    Methodology/Principal findings  To develop a specific biomarker of human exposure to  Aedes aegypti  bites, we measured IgG Ab response to  Ae. aegypti  Nterm-34 kDa salivary peptide in exposed children in 7 villages of Southern Benin (West Africa). Results showed that specific IgG response presented high inter-individual heterogeneity between villages. IgG response was associated with rainfall and IgG level increased from dry (low exposure) to rainy (high exposure) seasons. These findings indicate that IgG Ab to Nterm-34 kDa salivary peptide may represent a reliable biomarker to detect variation in human exposure to  Ae. aegypti  bites.    Conclusion/Significance  This preliminary study highlights the potential use of Ab response to this salivary peptide for evaluating human exposure to  Ae. aegypti . This biomarker could represent a new promising tool for assessing the risk of arbovirus transmission and for evaluating the efficacy of vector control interventions.

First Attempt To Validate Human IgG Antibody Response to Nterm-34kDa Salivary Peptide as Biomarker for Evaluating Exposure to Aedes aegypti Bites