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Incidence of disease due to dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV) and yellow fever (YFV) viruses is increasing in many parts of the world. The viruses are primarily transmitted by  Aedes aegypti , a highly domesticated mosquito species that is notoriously difficult to control. When transinfected into  Ae. aegypti , the intracellular bacterium  Wolbachia  has recently been shown to inhibit replication of DENVs, CHIKV, malaria parasites and filarial nematodes, providing a potentially powerful biocontrol strategy for human pathogens. Because the extent of pathogen reduction can be influenced by the strain of bacterium, we examined whether the  w Mel strain of  Wolbachia  influenced CHIKV and YFV infection in  Ae. aegypti . Following exposure to viremic blood meals, CHIKV infection and dissemination rates were significantly reduced in mosquitoes with the  w Mel strain of  Wolbachia  compared to  Wolbachia -uninfected controls. However, similar rates of infection and dissemination were observed in  w Mel infected and non-infected  Ae. aegypti  when intrathoracic inoculation was used to deliver virus. YFV infection, dissemination and replication were similar in  w Mel-infected and control mosquitoes following intrathoracic inoculations. In contrast, mosquitoes with the  w MelPop strain of  Wolbachia  showed at least a 10 4  times reduction in YFV RNA copies compared to controls. The extent of reduction in virus infection depended on  Wolbachia  strain, titer and strain of the virus, and mode of exposure. Although originally proposed for dengue biocontrol, our results indicate a  Wolbachia -based strategy also holds considerable promise for YFV and CHIKV suppression.

Impact of Wolbachia on Infection with Chikungunya and Yellow Fever Viruses in the Mosquito Vector Aedes aegypti