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Background    Phlebotomus tobbi  is a vector of  Leishmania infantum , and  P. sergenti  is a vector of  Leishmania tropica .  Le. infantum  and  Le. tropica  typically cause visceral or cutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively, but  Le. infantum  strains transmitted by  P. tobbi  can cause cutaneous disease. To better understand the components and possible implications of sand fly saliva in leishmaniasis, the transcriptomes of the salivary glands (SGs) of these two sand fly species were sequenced, characterized and compared.    Methodology/Principal Findings  cDNA libraries of  P. tobbi  and  P. sergenti  female SGs were constructed, sequenced, and analyzed. Clones (1,152) were randomly picked from each library, producing 1,142 high-quality sequences from  P. tobbi  and 1,090 from  P. sergenti . The most abundant, secreted putative proteins were categorized as antigen 5-related proteins, apyrases, hyaluronidases, D7-related and PpSP15-like proteins, ParSP25-like proteins, PpSP32-like proteins, yellow-related proteins, the 33-kDa salivary proteins, and the 41.9-kDa superfamily of proteins. Phylogenetic analyses and multiple sequence alignments of putative proteins were used to elucidate molecular evolution and describe conserved domains, active sites, and catalytic residues. Proteomic analyses of  P. tobbi  and  P. sergenti  SGs were used to confirm the identification of 35 full-length sequences (18 in  P. tobbi  and 17 in  P. sergenti ). To bridge transcriptomics with biology  P. tobbi  antigens, glycoproteins, and hyaluronidase activity was characterized.    Conclusions  This analysis of  P. sergenti  is the first description of the subgenus  Paraphlebotomus  salivary components. The investigation of the subgenus  Larroussius  sand fly  P. tobbi  expands the repertoire of salivary proteins in vectors of  Le. infantum . Although  P. tobbi  transmits a cutaneous form of leishmaniasis, its salivary proteins are most similar to other  Larroussius  subgenus species transmitting visceral leishmaniasis. These transcriptomic and proteomic analyses provide a better understanding of sand fly salivary proteins across species and subgenera that will be vital in vector-pathogen and vector-host research.

Salivary Gland Transcriptomes and Proteomes of Phlebotomus tobbi and Phlebotomus sergenti, Vectors of Leishmaniasis