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The whipworm,  Trichuris trichiura , causes trichuriasis in ∼600 million people worldwide, mainly in developing countries. Whipworms also infect other animal hosts, including pigs ( T. suis ), dogs ( T. vulpis ) and non-human primates, and cause disease in these hosts, which is similar to trichuriasis of humans. Although  Trichuris  species are considered to be host specific, there has been considerable controversy, over the years, as to whether  T. trichiura  and  T. suis  are the same or distinct species. Here, we characterised the entire mitochondrial genomes of human-derived  Trichuris  and pig-derived  Trichuris , compared them and then tested the hypothesis that the parasites from these two host species are genetically distinct in a phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data. Taken together, the findings support the proposal that  T. trichiura  and  T. suis  are separate species, consistent with previous data for nuclear ribosomal DNA. Using molecular analytical tools, employing genetic markers defined herein, future work should conduct large-scale studies to establish whether  T. trichiura  is found in pigs and  T. suis  in humans in endemic regions.

Clear Genetic Distinctiveness between Human- and Pig-Derived Trichuris Based on Analyses of Mitochondrial Datasets