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Background  The spread of  Aedes albopictus , a vector for re-emergent arbovirus diseases like chikungunya and dengue, points up the need for better control strategies and new tools to evaluate transmission risk. Human antibody (Ab) responses to mosquito salivary proteins could represent a reliable biomarker for evaluating human-vector contact and the efficacy of control programs.    Methodology/Principal Findings  We used ELISA tests to evaluate specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to salivary gland extracts (SGE) in adults exposed to  Aedes albopictus  in Reunion Island. The percentage of immune responders (88%) and levels of anti-SGE IgG Abs were high in exposed individuals. At an individual level, our results indicate heterogeneity of the exposure to  Aedes albopictus  bites. In addition, low-level immune cross-reactivity between  Aedes albopictus  and  Aedes aegypti  SGEs was observed, mainly in the highest responders.    Conclusion/Significance  Ab responses to saliva could be used as an immuno-epidemiological tool for evaluating exposure to  Aedes albopictus  bites. Combined with entomological and epidemiological methods, a “salivary” biomarker of exposure to  Aedes albopictus  could enhance surveillance of its spread and the risk of arbovirus transmission, and could be used as a direct tool for the evaluation of  Aedes albopictus  control strategies.

Evaluation of the Human IgG Antibody Response to Aedes albopictus Saliva as a New Specific Biomarker of Exposure to Vector Bites