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Mammalian X chromosome dosage compensation balances X-linked gene products between sexes and is coordinated by the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)  Xist . Multiple  cis  and  trans -acting factors modulate  Xist  expression; however, the primary competence factor responsible for activating  Xist  remains a subject of dispute. The lncRNA  Jpx  is a proposed competence factor, yet it remains unknown if  Jpx  is sufficient to activate  Xist  expression in mice. Here, we utilize a novel transgenic mouse system to demonstrate a dose-dependent relationship between  Jpx  copy number and ensuing  Jpx  and  Xist  expression. By localizing transcripts of  Jpx  and  Xist  using RNA Fluorescence  in situ  Hybridization (FISH) in mouse embryonic cells, we provide evidence of  Jpx  acting in both  trans  and  cis  to activate  Xist . Our data contribute functional and mechanistic insight for lncRNA activity in mice, and argue that  Jpx  is a competence factor for  Xist  activation  in vivo .

LncRNA Jpx induces Xist expression in mice using both trans and cis mechanisms