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The  C .  elegans  AWC olfactory neuron pair communicates to specify asymmetric subtypes AWC OFF  and AWC ON  in a stochastic manner. Intercellular communication between AWC and other neurons in a transient NSY-5 gap junction network antagonizes voltage-activated calcium channels, UNC-2 (CaV2) and EGL-19 (CaV1), in the AWC ON  cell, but how calcium signaling is downregulated by NSY-5 is only partly understood. Here, we show that voltage- and calcium-activated SLO BK potassium channels mediate gap junction signaling to inhibit calcium pathways for asymmetric AWC differentiation. Activation of vertebrate SLO-1 channels causes transient membrane hyperpolarization, which makes it an important negative feedback system for calcium entry through voltage-activated calcium channels. Consistent with the physiological roles of SLO-1, our genetic results suggest that  slo-1  BK channels act downstream of NSY-5 gap junctions to inhibit calcium channel-mediated signaling in the specification of AWC ON . We also show for the first time that  slo-2  BK channels are important for AWC asymmetry and act redundantly with  slo-1  to inhibit calcium signaling. In addition,  nsy-5 -dependent asymmetric expression of  slo-1  and  slo-2  in the AWC ON  neuron is necessary and sufficient for AWC asymmetry. SLO-1 and SLO-2 localize close to UNC-2 and EGL-19 in AWC, suggesting a role of possible functional coupling between SLO BK channels and voltage-activated calcium channels in AWC asymmetry. Furthermore,  slo-1  and  slo-2  regulate the localization of synaptic markers, UNC-2 and RAB-3, in AWC neurons to control AWC asymmetry. We also identify the requirement of  bkip-1 , which encodes a previously identified auxiliary subunit of SLO-1, for  slo-1  and  slo-2  function in AWC asymmetry. Together, these results provide an unprecedented molecular link between gap junctions and calcium pathways for terminal differentiation of olfactory neurons.

SLO BK Potassium Channels Couple Gap Junctions to Inhibition of Calcium Signaling in Olfactory Neuron Diversification