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We report a phenomenon wherein induction of cell death by a variety of means in wing imaginal discs of  Drosophila  larvae resulted in the activation of an anti-apoptotic microRNA,  bantam . Cells in the vicinity of dying cells also become harder to kill by ionizing radiation (IR)-induced apoptosis. Both  ban  activation and increased protection from IR required receptor tyrosine kinase Tie, which we identified in a genetic screen for modifiers of  ban .  tie  mutants were hypersensitive to radiation, and radiation sensitivity of  tie  mutants was rescued by increased  ban  gene dosage. We propose that dying cells activate  ban  in surviving cells through Tie to make the latter cells harder to kill, thereby preserving tissues and ensuring organism survival. The protective effect we report differs from classical radiation bystander effect in which neighbors of irradiated cells become more prone to death. The protective effect also differs from the previously described effect of dying cells that results in proliferation of nearby cells in  Drosophila  larval discs. If conserved in mammals, a phenomenon in which dying cells make the rest harder to kill by IR could have implications for treatments that involve the sequential use of cytotoxic agents and radiation therapy.

Dying Cells Protect Survivors from Radiation-Induced Cell Death in Drosophila