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Flowering time relies on the integration of intrinsic developmental cues and environmental signals. FLC and its downstream target  FT  are key players in the floral transition in  Arabidopsis . Here, we characterized the expression pattern and function of  JMJ18 , a novel JmjC domain-containing histone H3K4 demethylase gene in  Arabidopsis .  JMJ18  was dominantly expressed in companion cells; its temporal expression pattern was negatively and positively correlated with that of  FLC  and  FT , respectively, during vegetative development. Mutations in  JMJ18  resulted in a weak late-flowering phenotype, while  JMJ18  overexpressors exhibited an obvious early-flowering phenotype. JMJ18 displayed demethylase activity toward H3K4me3 and H3K4me2, and bound  FLC  chromatin directly. The levels of H3K4me3 and H3K4me2 in chromatins of  FLC  clade genes and the expression of  FLC  clade genes were reduced, whereas  FT  expression was induced and the protein expression of FT increased in  JMJ18  overexpressor lines. The early-flowering phenotype caused by the overexpression of JMJ18 was mainly dependent on the functional FT. Our findings suggest that the companion cell–dominant and developmentally regulated JMJ18 binds directly to the  FLC  locus, reducing the level of H3K4 methylation in  FLC  chromatin and repressing the expression of  FLC , thereby promoting the expression of  FT  in companion cells to stimulate flowering.

A Companion Cell–Dominant and Developmentally Regulated H3K4 Demethylase Controls Flowering Time in Arabidopsis via the Repression of FLC Expression