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Inactivation of the Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ) tumor suppressor pathway contributes to the progression of Pancreatic Ductal AdenoCarcinoma (PDAC) since it is inactivated in virtually all cases of this malignancy. Genetic lesions inactivating this pathway contribute to pancreatic tumor progression in mouse models. Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 1 gamma (TIF1γ) has recently been proposed to be involved in TGFβ signaling, functioning as either a positive or negative regulator of the pathway. Here, we addressed the role of TIF1γ in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Using conditional  Tif1γ  knockout mice ( Tif1γ lox/lox  ), we selectively abrogated  Tif1γ  expression in the pancreas of  Pdx1-Cre;Tif1γ lox/lox   mice. We also generated  Pdx1-Cre;LSL-Kras G12D ;Tif1γ lox/lox   mice to address the effect of  Tif1γ  loss-of-function in precancerous lesions induced by oncogenic  Kras G12D  . Finally, we analyzed  TIF1γ  expression in human pancreatic tumors. In our mouse model, we showed that  Tif1γ  was dispensable for normal pancreatic development but cooperated with  Kras  activation to induce pancreatic tumors reminiscent of human Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms (IPMNs). Interestingly, these cystic lesions resemble those observed in  Pdx1-Cre;LSL-Kras G12D ;Smad4 lox/lox   mice described by others. However, distinctive characteristics, such as the systematic presence of endocrine pseudo-islets within the papillary projections, suggest that SMAD4 and TIF1γ don't have strictly redundant functions. Finally, we report that TIF1γ expression is markedly down-regulated in human pancreatic tumors by quantitative RT–PCR and immunohistochemistry supporting the relevance of these findings to human malignancy. This study suggests that TIF1γ is critical for tumor suppression in the pancreas, brings new insight into the genetics of pancreatic cancer, and constitutes a promising model to decipher the respective roles of SMAD4 and TIF1γ in the multifaceted functions of TGFβ in carcinogenesis and development.

Inactivation of TIF1γ Cooperates with KrasG12D to Induce Cystic Tumors of the Pancreas