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At the macroscale, the brain operates as a network of interconnected neuronalpopulations, which display rhythmic dynamics that support interarealcommunication. Understanding how stimulation of a particular brain area impactssuch concerted activity is important for gaining basic insights into brainfunction and for developing neuromodulation as a therapeutic tool. However, itremains difficult to predict the downstream effects of focal stimulation.Specifically, little is known about how the collective oscillatory regime ofnetwork activity may affect the outcomes of regional perturbations oncooperative dynamics. Here, we combine connectome data and biophysical modelingto begin filling these gaps. By tuning parameters that control the collectivedynamics of the network, we identify distinct states of simulated brainactivity, and investigate how the distributed effects of stimulation manifestin different states. When baseline oscillations are weak, the stimulated areaexhibits enhanced power and frequency, and due to network interactions, nearbyregions develop phase locked activity in the excited frequency band.Importantly, we find that focal stimulation also causes more distributedmodifications to network coherence at regions' baseline oscillationfrequencies, and that these effects are better predicted by functional ratherthan structural connectivity. In contrast, when the network operates in aregime of stronger endogenous oscillations, stimulation causes only slightshifts in power and frequency, and network averaged changes in coherence aremore homogenous across the choice of the stimulated area. In sum, this workbuilds upon and extends previous computational studies investigating theimpacts of stimulation, and highlights that both the stimulation site, and,crucially, the regime of brain network dynamics, can influence the network wideresponses to local perturbations.

Relations between large scale brain connectivity and effects of regional stimulation depend on collective dynamical state